University of Tehran Press Journal for the History of Science 1735-0573 18 2 2020 12 21 Pedology and Fertilization in the Islamic Agronomy Pedology and Fertilization in the Islamic Agronomy 487 519 80863 10.22059/jihs.2021.320667.371621 FA Sadegh Hojjati IHCS Journal Article 2021 03 15 The study of agronomy heritage of the Islamic period, focusing on the two issues of soil and the methods of soil fertilization and tracing it to find classical Greek and Roman roots, illuminates the efforts of Islamic agricultural scholars to promote and diversify the pedology. In addition to repeating a large part of the earlier works, the Filāḥa texts in those chapters contain new data consisting of inductive and theoretical explanations, along with agricultural experiences and personal observations. As that field can be considered one of the most important aspects of innovation in the Filāḥa texts of Islamic period. Among them, the treatises compiled in Al-Andalus and specifically the works of Ibn Baṣṣāl and Ibn al-ʿAwwām paved the way for defining new criteria for determining soil quality and the introduction of new categories of it. So that the decuple common classifications in Roman texts for different types of soils were upgraded to at least 25 types. In the next step, these criteria were developed and presented in Iran in Persian agronomy with a completely innovative approach and focused on their practical application. However, these different interpretations were incomplete and were not followed in the Islamic world and even in the Latin West, and even for contemporary researchers of the history of Islamic science remains unknown. The purpose of this article is to study the evolution of agricultural texts by focusing on that minor issue and to trace the possible reasons for its changes. The study of agronomy heritage of the Islamic period, focusing on the two issues of soil and the methods of soil fertilization and tracing it to find classical Greek and Roman roots, illuminates the efforts of Islamic agricultural scholars to promote and diversify the pedology. In addition to repeating a large part of the earlier works, the Filāḥa texts in those chapters contain new data consisting of inductive and theoretical explanations, along with agricultural experiences and personal observations. As that field can be considered one of the most important aspects of innovation in the Filāḥa texts of Islamic period. Among them, the treatises compiled in Al-Andalus and specifically the works of Ibn Baṣṣāl and Ibn al-ʿAwwām paved the way for defining new criteria for determining soil quality and the introduction of new categories of it. So that the decuple common classifications in Roman texts for different types of soils were upgraded to at least 25 types. In the next step, these criteria were developed and presented in Iran in Persian agronomy with a completely innovative approach and focused on their practical application. However, these different interpretations were incomplete and were not followed in the Islamic world and even in the Latin West, and even for contemporary researchers of the history of Islamic science remains unknown. The purpose of this article is to study the evolution of agricultural texts by focusing on that minor issue and to trace the possible reasons for its changes. https://jihs.ut.ac.ir/article_80863_fdf95e232ddd328cc12b7e06c8b1372b.pdf