University of Tehran Press Journal for the History of Science 1735-0573 20 1 2000 07 01 The natural-geographical factors of various categories of people in the geographical and medical books of the Islamic world The natural-geographical factors of various categories of people in the geographical and medical books of the Islamic world 93 120 89762 10.22059/jihs.2022.347743.371697 FA Sajjad Hejri MA in History of Science, Institute for the History of Science, University of Tehran Nasrollah Poormohammadi Professor, Department of History, Imam Khomeini international University Abd Al-rafi Rahimi Associate Professor, Department of History, Imam Khomeini international University Journal Article 1401 06 05 The question of people's physical and spiritual diversity has an ancient history and can be traced back to the ancient world. This question has also been discussed in the medical and geographical-historical books of the Islamic world, and the natural-geographical factors of the diversity of houses/soils, water/waters, and airs, and the distance and proximity of the sun and the angle of its radiation have been considered to be influential in the moral and character traits of people and the cause of diversity. They are counted among the people, and the air is the most special, which is mentioned in medical books in the discussion of the "necessary element" of maintaining health. After short research of these factors in some of the ancient and medieval written heritage of the Islamic world, this article examines the character and personality characteristics of the people of Baghdad, the scientific, cultural, and political capital of the Islamic world for long centuries (from the emergence to the fall) in relation to their land in some Its historical-geographical works cover centuries. Obviously, the thinkers and scientists of the Islamic world have explained the diversity of the people with the aforementioned natural-geographical factors, without being subject to geographical determinism. The question of people's physical and spiritual diversity has an ancient history and can be traced back to the ancient world. This question has also been discussed in the medical and geographical-historical books of the Islamic world, and the natural-geographical factors of the diversity of houses/soils, water/waters, and airs, and the distance and proximity of the sun and the angle of its radiation have been considered to be influential in the moral and character traits of people and the cause of diversity. They are counted among the people, and the air is the most special, which is mentioned in medical books in the discussion of the "necessary element" of maintaining health. After short research of these factors in some of the ancient and medieval written heritage of the Islamic world, this article examines the character and personality characteristics of the people of Baghdad, the scientific, cultural, and political capital of the Islamic world for long centuries (from the emergence to the fall) in relation to their land in some Its historical-geographical works cover centuries. Obviously, the thinkers and scientists of the Islamic world have explained the diversity of the people with the aforementioned natural-geographical factors, without being subject to geographical determinism. https://jihs.ut.ac.ir/article_89762_85e7a70d5329b42132adbeab105e64ea.pdf