Greco-Islamic philosophy emphasizes that every motion requires a mover—a concept that can be viewed within the broader framework of the principle of causality. In contrast, Newtonian physics posits that, in the absence of any applied force, an object’s uniform motion continues indefinitely. This presents a potential conflict between physics and philosophy—a significant topic in the study of the relationship between these two fields of knowledge. This paper demonstrates not only that this conflict can be resolved but also that Newton himself formulated his laws of motion based on the aforementioned philosophical principles. Furthermore, Newton’s theory resolves an additional issue regarding the application of the principle of causality to projectile motion—a problem that earlier theories had failed to address successfully. Finally, the paper examines the Mach-Higgs theory of mass and its implications for the application of the principle of causality.