نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه باستان شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
From the last decades of the 19th century until the end of Erich F. Schmidt excavations in Rayy in 1937, numerous commercial and few scientific archaeology missions worked at Rayy. Schmidt’s excavation in the prehistoric mound of Cheshmeh Ali, brought an international fame for Rayy among archaeologists interested in Iranian prehistory. Nevertheless, Rayy was already renowned among antiquarians and Islamic archaeologists as well as amateur and commercial excavators for its beautiful Islamic ware that were being unearthed from the ruins of once glorious Early and Medieval Islamic city of Rayy in clandestine diggings. Schmidt’s excavations, conducted after 1930, was a turning point in the archaeology of Rayy due to its scientific approach and conformance to the new Antiquities Act, which obliged excavators to divide objects and submit reports to the Iranian government. Before him and apart from commercial diggings, French Délégation en Perse surveyed and conducted limited excavations in Rayy. Today, archaeological heritage of Rayy, including fine prehistoric pottery from Cheshmeh Ali, beautiful Islamic wares and fascinating Sasanian-Islamic stucco are displayed in many museums around the world. Excavation reports or other related documents from such missions are kept in various archives as well, many of which still unpublished and uninvestigated. Investigating the archaeological history of Rayy shows that before ratification of the Antiquities Act in 1930, excavated objects were either traded in antique markets by diggers or shipped out of Iran by archaeological missions and finally found their way to European collections and museums; no report or object was necessarily handed over to the Iranian government. The present study extensively reviews archaeological activities that were conducted in Rayy in the early decades of the 20th century and attempts to put it in the contexts of the history of development of archaeological organization in Iran, that was evolving gradually by the establishment of Antiquities Department and ratification of the Antiquities Act. Additionally, dispersal of the archaeological material and documents from Rayy in different collections and archives is comprehensively presented to pave way for further research on the archaeology of Rayy and its history.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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