نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشکده تاریخ علم، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه تاریخ علم، پژوهشکده تاریخ علم، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This research aims to analyze the Persian manuscript of Ma ͑ ānī kitāb Īrun al-mīḫānīqī fī raf ͑ al-aṧyāʾal-thaqīla bi-al-quwwa al-yasīra (manuscript No. 197 of the Imam Jom‘eh Collection, Central Library of the Faculty of Literature, University of Tehran) and to determine its position among the treatises on Jarrathqāl (the science of lifting heavy weights) in the Islamic period.
This qualitative study employs a historical‑analytical and codicological approach. The text was edited using the comparative (critical) method and compared with two Arabic copies of al-Isfizārī’s work (the libraries of ‘Uthmāniyya, Hyderabad, and John Rylands, Manchester) as well as with the Arabic translation of Hero of Alexandria’s (10–70 AD) Mechanics by Qusṭā ibn Lūqā (208–300 AH).
This treatise, redacted by Abū Ḥātim Muẓaffar al-Isfizārī (a Seljuk‑era scholar, d. ca. 510 AH/1116 CE), includes both the first and second articles of Hero’s Mechanics. Unlike other Persian treatises on Jarrathqāl, which mostly cover only the second article (simple and compound machines), the Tehran manuscript contains the first article (theoretical foundations of motion, equilibrium, centre of gravity, pantograph, etc.) as well as a complete description of the Barulkos lifting device. Al-Isfizārī introduced three types of modifications: a fluent paraphrase, addition of analytical explanations (especially on centre of gravity), and correction of errors in the Arabic copies (e.g., adding a turning handle and correcting gear ratios).
The Tehran manuscript is the only known Persian manuscript that deals with theoretical and analytical aspects of Jarrathqāl. It is of exceptional historical and scientific value for studying the connection between Greek and Islamic mechanical traditions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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